PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.